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New HIV/AIDS Initiative In Tanzania Aims To Increase Condom Availability
Condom vending machines will be unveiled on Monday in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, as part of a six-year pilot HIV prevention initiative in the country, Tanzania"s The Citizen reports. Daniel Crapper of Population Services International said, "We are working very hard to ensure that condoms are widely available to the people." About 100 machines -- at a cost of about 380,000 Kenyan shillings, or $350 -- will be installed in various bars in Dar es Salaam. The project also will be carried out in Morogoro, Iringa and Mbeya before being rolled out to other regions across the country, according to Crapper. "Bars and night clubs are in our targets because they have the highest risk of unsafe sex, especially when people get drunk," Crapper said, adding, "This will enable condoms to be available almost daily." He noted that the condoms will be offered at a lower cost compared with some retail outlets and that the new initiative will not interfere with condom distribution systems throughout the country. According to The Citizen, the condoms will be available for purchase from the vending machines for 100 shillings, or about $1. John Wanyancha, PSI"s HIV/AIDS program manager, said that the project"s leaders focused on targeting areas with high HIV/AIDS rates after research revealed that inaccessibility to condoms at night was a major challenge in efforts to curb the spread of the disease. He noted that about 324 million condoms have been distributed in Tanzania since 2001 (Mbani, The Citizen, 5/15).
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Massachusetts Health Insurance Law Has Increased Access To Care, Though Residents' Ability To Obtain Treatment Hampered By Provider Supply, Study Find
Since the implementation of the Massachusetts health insurance law in 2006, more residents have health coverage and increased access to care, but rising health care costs combined with the current economic recession could undermine some of the law"s successes, according to the third annual "Update on Health Reform in Massachusetts" report by the Urban Institute, the Boston Globe reports. The study was funded by the Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Massachusetts Foundation, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Commonwealth Fund, and published in the journal Health Affairs.For the report, Sharon Long of the Urban Institute and colleagues surveyed about 4,000 Massachusetts adults in 2007 and 2008 and compared their health care habits with those of residents surveyed in 2006 -- just after the law went into effect. Researchers found that although there were initial gains in health care affordability, there are now some signs that an increasing number of state residents are reporting problems paying for medical bills, and an increasing number of people -- especially lower-income residents -- not seeking care because of costs (Lazar, Boston Globe, 5/28). One in five adults reported being told in the past 12 months that a physician or clinic was not accepting new patients or would not see patients with their type of insurance (Sack, New York Times, 5/28). Lower-income residents had more difficulties finding a physician than higher-income residents, with 24% of residents enrolled in state-subsidized health plans, saying they were told that a physician did not accept their insurance, compared with 7% of residents with private coverage (Boston Globe, 5/28). Additional Findings
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Lorus Announces Publication Of A Novel Analytical Method Confirming The Pharmacological Action Of Its Anticancer Drug LOR-2040
Lorus Therapeutics Inc. (TSX:LOR)("Lorus"), a biopharmaceutical company specializing in the research and development of pharmaceutical products and technologies for the management of cancer, today announced a publication from investigators at the Ohio State University (OSU). The article entitled "A LC-MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Intracellular Nucleoside Triphosphate Levels" was published in the peer-reviewed journal, Pharmaceutical Research in the June issue (Vol. 26(6):1504-15).
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Pneumococcal Vaccine Reduces Child Deaths In Developing Countries

A new trial has found that pneumococcal vaccine is effective in preventing severe pneumonia, the leading cause of death among children in developing countries. Co-ordinated by the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) between 2000 and 2004, a large scale efficacy trial first of its kind in Asia - was carried out in the Philippines to investigate the effect of an investigational pneumococcal vaccine. A total of 12 190 children aged between six weeks and six months participated in the ARIVAC vaccine trial. The results showed that there was a 23 percent reduction in X-ray-confirmed pneumonia among children under two years of age who received the pneumococcal vaccine. However, the vaccine did not reduce clinically diagnosed pneumonia. The children were given three doses of either a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine or placebo. At the same time, they were also given vaccines included in the Filipino national vaccination programme as well as a Hib vaccine. A subset of approximately thousand children was studied separately to analyse the ability of the vaccine to induce antibodies and prevent nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcus. The pneumococcal vaccine was highly effective in producing antibodies and proved to be a safe vaccine overall. The results of this ARIVAC trial can be put to good use in pneumococcal vaccine development and in assessing the burden of disease of pneumococcal infections among children. The results can also provide robust support to decision-makers at a national level, especially in Asia. Despite the efficacy of the vaccine, price is still a big hurdle to overcome: for re-poor countries that do not receive international financial aid, it may take several years if not decades before they can add the vaccine to the national vaccination programme. Infections caused by the pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) bacterium are the major causes of child mortality worldwide. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that more than a million children die from pneumococcal meningitis and pneumonia every year. Furthermore, pneumococci cause a far greater number of minor respiratory tract infections. Severe infections can cause children to be at high risk for permanent hearing impairment, which in turn may lead to delays in development and learning difficulties. In the Philippines, pneumonia is the leading cause of severe morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age. The ARIVAC vaccine trial in the Philippines received financial support from a number of s, including the Academy of Finland, the Department of Development Co-operation of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the Finnish association of Physicians for Social Responsibility, the EU Directorate-General for Research, the US non-profit organisation PATH, and the WHO. The trial was a joint venture of the international ARIVAC consortium, which consists of THL (Finland), the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (the Philippines), the University of Queensland (Australia), the University of Colorado Denver (USA), and Sanofi Pasteur (France), the vaccines division of the sanofi-aventis Group. According to Academy Research Fellow Hanna Nohynek at THL, one of the merits of the vaccine trial was the extent to which it fused together international research and development co-operation. "The pooling of funds from several different s successfully ensured both the scientific quality of the research and the supply of local know-how and knowledge, in accordance with the principles of sustainable development," Nohynek said. Suomen Akatemia (Academy of Finland)


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